Wednesday 15 August 2012

Biology@ country

Today is Independence day so know about biology of our country........

1.Techomela unduleta-Rohida flower The state flower of Rajasthan
2..Ficus bengalansis-the national tree
 3.Nelumbo nucifera the national flower of india

4.Khejari-Prosopis cineraria-the state tree of Rajasthan
5.Tiger-Panthera tigris-the national animal 
6.Peacock-Pavo cristatus-the national bird
7.Choreotis nigriceps The Great Indian Busterd The State bird of Rajasthan
8.Gazella gazella -Chinkara-The State Bird of Rajasthan

Tuesday 14 August 2012

Prosopis cineraria

Dear Students,
Now, You will get benefited daily by multiple data important for various pre-medical examinations.
Yours
Dr Dinesh Vaishnav



Now enjoy some data about important data about some animals and plants.................

  Khejri (खेजडी) or Prosopis cineraria is a small to medium size tree, found mainly in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Khejri is the golden tree of Indian deserts, plays a vital role in preserving the ecosystem of arid and semi-arid areas. It is the  symbol of socio-economic development of the arid regions. Since all the parts of the tree are useful, it is called kalp taru. It is also known as the ‘king of desert’, and the ‘wonder tree’. Khejri is a tree which is worshipped by a large number  of people such as Bishnoi a great environmentalist community  in Rajasthan. The importance of the medicinal value of Khejari  tree has been highlighted in ancient Ayurveda literature.

     Prosopis cineraria       
    
 Khejri or Prosopis cineraria                                                      
   Khejari is frost-resistant,  drought resistance and withstand in wild temperature extremes, ranging from 104-114 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer to less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter. It requires minimum rainfall. Khejari is the preferred plant species for livestock grazing in the area, and it provides shelter to the grazing animals, people, birds  with its shade. 
  
  Common Name
   Khhejri ( खेजडी)>
 Botanical name: Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce     
 Latin name:  Prosopis cineraria            
 English name : Prosopis cineraria        
 Sanskrit:  khejri        
 Hindi & Rajasthani:   khejri, jant/janti                      
 United Arab Emirates:   Ghaf               
 Punjabi:  jand               
 Sind:    kandi          
 Gujarat: sami, sumri
  
 Khejri Plant
   The tree is evergreen or nearly so. It produces new flush leaves before summer. The flowers are small in size and yellow or creamy white in colour, appear from March to May after the new flush of leaves. The pods are formed soon thereafter and grow rapidly in size attaining full size in about two months time.
  It is one of the indigenous trees of  the Western Rajasthan, plains of the Punjab  and Gujarat. It is a common tree in Bundelkhand, near Delhi and Agra. It is also found in the dry parts of Central and Southern India,  in parts of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka south of Godavari ( गोदावरी) River. It also extends to West Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. 

Sunday 12 August 2012

PHOTOSYNTHESIS MCQ



SUNDAY, aUGUST12, 2012

PHOTOSYNTHESIS MCQ

1. Which among the following element is essential
          for photolysis of water
                (a) Nitrogen                           (b) Chlorine
                (c) Carbon                             (d) Oxygen
                (e) Magnesium
   2. Plants are known as purifiers of air due to the
         process of
                (a) Respiration                     (b) Photosynthesis
                (c) Transpiration                  (d) Dessication
                (e) Guttation
   3. The percentage of light absorbed by chlorophyll
         from total absorption is
                (a) 12%                  (b) 83%                  (c) 96%
                (d) 4%                    (e) 5%
  4. When the CO2 uptake cannot be increased by
         increasing the light, it is referred to as:
                (a) Extinction point
                (b) CO2 saturation point
                (c) Light saturation point
                (d) Light compensation point
                (e) None
   5. Which among the following conditions are
          favourable for cyclic photophosphorylation:
                (a) Aerobic condition only
                (b) Aerobic and low light intensity
                (c) Aerobic and optimumk light
                (d) Anaerobic and low light intensity
                (e) Anaerobic and optimum light
   6. When pigment system II is illuminated in presence
          of ferricyanides and NADP, it can carry out
                (a) Hill reaction
                (b) Cyclic photophosphorylation
                (c) Dark reaction
                (d) All of these
                (e) None of these
   7. The synthesis of chlorophyll-a is traced back to
          which component of Kreb’s cycle
                (a) Oxaloacetic acid            (b) Succinyl CoA
                (c) Fumaric acid                   (d) Oxalosuccinic acid
                (e) Succinic acid
   8. Which among the following plant is used in the study
          of photosynthesis?
                (a) Chlorella                          (b) Asparagus
                (c) Garden Pea                     (d) Acetabularia
                (e) Hydrilla
   9. If X is the rate of photosynthesis at shorter wave
         length radiation, Y at higher wavelenth, Z is the rate
         at the combination of shorter and higher wavelength,
         then Emerson effect is
                (a) X > Z + Y                         (b) Z = X + Y
                (c) Z = X = Y                         (d) Z > X + Y
                (e) Z < X + Y
   10. During the dark reaction of photosynthesis
                (a) Water is split
                (b) CO2 is reduced to organic compounds
                (c) Chlorophyll is activated
                (d) 6 carbon sugar is broken into 3 carbon sugar
                (e) None


   11. The enzyme that fixes atmospheric CO2 in C4 plant
         is
                (a) PEP carboxylase            (b) RUBISCO
                (c) RUBP carboxylase        (d) Hydrogenase
                (e) Aldolase
   12. The number of carbon atom in the acceptor
         compound of carbondioxide in C3 plants is
                (a) 2                        (b) 3                        (c) 4
                (d) 5                        (e) 6
   13. In C4 plants carbondioxide reduction occur in
                (a) Mesophyll stroma
                (b) Guard cell stroma
                (c) Bundle sheath stroma
                (d) Palisade stroma
                (e) Spongy stroma
   14. The number of ATP and NADPH2 required to fix
         one molecule of CO2 is respectively
                (a) 3 and 2                            (b) 2 and 3
                (c) 5 and 3                             (d) 3 and 5
                (e) 5 and 2
   15. The energy coming from electrons as radiations
         when it come to the ground state from triplet stage
         is called as:
                (a) Incident light                  (b) Phosphorescence
                (c) Fluorescence                   (d) Sunlight
                (e) All of these
   16. Formation of energy currency of cell during
         photosynthesis is called as
                (a) Substrate level phosphorylation
                (b) Phosphorylation
                (c) Photophosphorylation
                (d) Oxidative phosphorylation
                (e) None of these
   17. The red drop phenomenon is due to the disruption
         of the photochemical activity of
                (a) Pigment system I
                (b) Pigment system II
                (c) Carotenoids
                (d) PSI and PS II
                (e) Any of these
   18. In photosynthesis hydrogen is transferred from the
         light reaction to the dark reaction by
                (a) DPN                                  (b) DNA
                (c) ATP                                  (d) NADP
                (e) NAD
   19. The first step in photosynthesis is the
                (a) Formation of ATP
                (b) Ionisation of water
                (c) Excitement of an electron of chlorophyll by
                 light
                (d) Joining of two 3-carbon compound to form
                 glucose
                (e) Formation of NADH2
   20. The electron gap formed in PS-I during non
         cyclic phosphorylation is filled due to the supply of
         electrons coming from
                (a) Pigment system I
                (b) Photolysis of water
                (c) Pigment system II
                (d) Oxidative phosphorylation
                (e) Photophosphorylation
21. Who among the following stated for the first time that
       electron donor in photosynthesis is water?
                (a) Van Neil                          (b) Blakslee
                (c) Melvin Calvin                 (d) Van Helmont
                (e) J.D. Robertson
  2 2. C4 pathway for CO2 fixation was first studied
                (a) Emerson & Arnold        (b) Krotkov et al
                (c) Hatch & Slack                (d) Blackman
                (e) Melvin Calvin
   23. Chlorophyll - a differs from chlorophyll-b in having a
                (a) -CHO group                    (b) -COOH group
                (c) -CH3 group                     (d) -NH2 group
                (e) -CO group
   24. Dark CO2 fixation is present in the following plant:
                (a) Bryophyllum                  (b) Sugarcane
                (c) Maize                               (d) Pea
                (e) Rice
   25. Starch and Cellulose are compounds consisting of
       many units of
                (a) Amino acids                   (b) Fatty acids
                (c) Simple sugars                  (d) Glycerol
                (e) Glycollic acid
   26. Calvin cycle occurs in
                (a) Cytoplasm                      (b) Peroxisome
                (c) Chloroplast                     (d) Mitochondria
                (e) Golgi body
   27. In photosynthesis in chloroplast, dark reactions occur
       in
                (a) Grana lamellae              (b) Stroma
                (c) Thylakoids                      (d) Stroma lamellae
                (e) Matrix
   28. The number of oxygen molecules released per light
        quanta during light reaction is
                (a) Quantum yield              
(b) Quantum requirement
                (c) Quantasome  
(d) Photosynthetic yield
                (e) RQ
   29. The colour of rose petal is due to water soluble
       pigment present in the
                (a) Cytoplasm                      (b) Intercellular space
                (c) Nucleus                            (d) Vacuoles
                (e) Golgi body
   30. NADP is
                (a) An enzyme                     (b) A part of s-RNA
                (c) A co-enzyme                  (d) A part of t-RNA
                (e) None
   31. For the synthesis of organic matter the green plants
         need only
                (a) Chlorophyll                     (b) CO2 and H2O
                (c) Light                                 (d) All of these
                (e) None of these
   32. In CAM plants the initial carbondioxide acceptor is
                (a) Phosphoglyceric acid
                (b) Phosphoenol pyruvic acid
                (c) Ribulose 1,5 biphosphate
                (d) Oxaloacetic acid
                (e) Malic acid
         
33. The inhibitory effect of oxygen on the rate of
         photosynthesis is called as
                (a) Warburg effect                  (b) Pasteur effect
                (c) Richmond-Lang effect    (d) Blackman effect
                (e) Emerson effect
   34. Which among the following sentence is wrong
          about C4 plants
                (a) Leaves posses Kranz anatomy
                (b) RUBISCO is present in mesophyll cells
                (c) PEPCO is present in mesophyll
                (d) CO2 acceptor PEP
                (e) None
   35. Photosynthetically active radiation is represented
         by the range of wavelenth of
                (a) 640 - 650 nm                  (b) 600-960 nm
                (c) 400-700 nm                    (d) 340-450
                (e) 500-600 nm
   36. Number of ATP and NADPH2 required for the
         formation of one molecule of carbohydrate in C3
         plant is:
                (a) 3 and 2                            (b) 30 and 18
                (c) 18 and 12                        (d) 12 and 18
                (e) 18 and 30
   37. During photorespiration reaction between oxygen
         and substrate is happening within
                (a) Mitochondria                 (b) Chloroplast
                (c) Peroxisome                     (d) Nuclues
                (e) Lysosome
   38. In CAM plants, reduction of CO2 to carbohydrate
         takes place within
                (a) Mesophyll cell                (b) Bundle sheath cells
                (c) Epidermal cells               (d) Xylem cell
                (e) Phloem cells
   39. Whioch among the following group of plants
          contains agranal chloroplast?
                (a) C3 plants                         (b) CAM plants
                (c) C4 plants                         (d) Halophytes
                (e) C2 plants
   40. Where does the light reaction of photosynthesis
          takes place?
                (a) Quantasomes in thylakoid
                (b) Outer membrane of chloroplast
                (c) Inner membrane of chloroplast
                (d) Stroma
                (e) Matrix
41. Solar energy brings which of the following functions
         at PS-II
                (a) Photolysis of Water
                (b) Reduction of CO2
                (c) Reduction of O2
                (d) Activation of chlorophyll molecule
                (e) All of these
  4 2. Which among the following is the distinguishing
          feature of cyclic photophosphorylation
                (a) Only pigment system II is involved
                (b) Photolysis of water is taking place
                (c) Both pigment system I and II are involved
                (d) Phosphorylation only takes place
                (e) Phosphorylation and photolysis take place
   43. In the following photosynthesising organism
         chlorophyll - a is absent
                (a) Bacteria                           (b) Flowering plants
                (c) Cryptogams                    (d) Ferns
                (e) Algae
   44. In angiosperms synthesis of chlorophyll occurs in
         the presence of
                (a) Phytochrome  (b) Cytochrome
                (c) Light                 (d) Oxygen
                (e) All the above
  45. Light energy is converted into chemical energy in
         the presence of
                (a) Pyrenoid                          (b) Chloroplast
                (c) Ribosomes                      (d) Mesosomes
                (e) Mitochondria
   46. The concept of quantosome and photosynthetic unit
         was given by
                (a) Emerson                          (b) Warburg
                (c) Arnold                              (d) Priestly
                (e) None
   47. Which among the following pigment is called as
          accessory pigments?
                (a) Carotene                         (b) Xanthophyll
                (c) Phycobilins                      (d) All the above
                (e) None of these
   48. The pigment molecule which act as the reaction
          centre is:
                (a) Chlorophyll                     (b) Carotenoids
                (c) Carotenes                        (d) Phycobilins
                (e) Anthocyanin
   49. Photosynthesis is
                (a) Oxidative, anabolic, endergonic process
                (b) Reductive, anabolic, exergonic process
                (c) Reductive, ababolic, endergonic process
                (d) Oxidative catabolic exergonic process
                (e) None of these
   50. The scientist who coined the terms phlogiston and
          dephlogiston to denote the CO2 and O2 is
                (a) Melvin Calvin                (b) Joseph Priestly
                (c) Stephan Hales                (d) Julius Sach
                (e) Robert Myer
   51. Ribulose 1,5 biphosphate is found in
                (a) Stroma of chloroplast
                (b) Grana of chloroplast
                (c) Matrix of mitochondria
                (d) Cristae of mitochondria
                (e) None of these
                (a) Chlorophyll -a                (b) Carotene
                (c) Xanthophyll                    (d) Chlorophyll-b
                (e) Phycobilins
   53. The first stable product of dark reaction in C4 plants
                (a) Phosphoglycolic acid
                (b) Glycolic acid
                (c) Oxaloacetic acid
                (d) Phosphoglyceric acid
                (e) Malic acid
   54. The scientist who discovered that the site of
         photosynthesis is chloroplast
                (a) Arnon                               (b) Joseph Priestly
                (c) Julius Sachs                     (d) Robert Mayer
                (e) Senebier
   55. The molecular formula of chlorophyll -b is
                (a) C55H72O5N4Mg
                (b) C55H70O6N4Mg
                (c) C50H70O5N4Mg
                (d) C50H72O6N4Mg
                (e) C55H72O5N5Mg
   56. If the intensity of light is gradually increased to
         20 times, the rate of photosynthesis will
                (a) Keep increasing proportionately
                (b) Not increase
                (c) Decrease
                (d) Increase only to a stage when some other
                 factors becomes limiting
                (e) None of these
   57. When green algae are illuminated, motile aerobic
          bacteria accumulate near them.  The reason is
                (a) Light                                 (b) Oxygen
                (c) Algae                                (d) CO2
                (e) None of these
   58. Which among the following sentence is TRUE
         about C3 plants?
                (a) Photosynthetically more efficient
                (b) More efficient in CO2 fixation than C4 plants
                (c) PEPCO is present in mesophyll
                (d) Kranz anatomy is present
                (e) First stable product is phosphoglyceric acid
   59. C4 pathway is shown by
                (a) Sugar cane                      (b) Sunflower
                (c) Pea                                    (d) Rice
                (e) Rhizopus
   60. Carbon becomes available to crop plants in the
         form of
                (a) Amino acids                   (b) Carbonates
                (c) CO2                                 (d) Elemental C
                (e) All of these
  
Answer key
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A
C
C
A
C
C
B
A
D
C
D
B
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
A
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
B
B
D
C
C
A
B
A
D
B
A
E
C
A
B
C
B
D
C
C
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
A
D
A
C
B
A
D
A
C
B
A
A
D
D
B
D
B
E
A
C